国际商务英语合同写作解析：合同条款常用句
【简介】感谢网友“齐杞”参与投稿，今天小编就给大家整理了国际商务英语合同写作解析：合同条款常用句(共12篇），希望对大家的工作和学习有所帮助，欢迎阅读!
篇1：国际商务英语合同写作解析：合同条款常用句
1.we are satisfied with the terms of this contract for the most part, but we feel that your terms of payment are too severe.
我们对该合同大部分条款感到满意，但是你们的付款条款太刻苛
2.we would like to have another discussion of these conditions in the afternoon before there are finally included in the contract.
在合同最终签订之前，我们想在下午就这些条款进行其它的讨论
3. before signing the contract this afternoon, i think we better go over few final details.
在今天下午签订合同之前，我想们最好重温一下最后的细节
4.we’d better draw up a rough draft to the contract then talk it over in detail at our next meeting.
我们最好先就合同拟定一个草案，在下次会议中我们再确定细节
5.this is a copy of our specimen contract in which the general sales terms and conditions are contained.
这是我们一份包括一般销售条款和条件的合同样本
6.we hope that you won’t object to our inserting such a clause in the agreement.
我们希望你们不介意在协议中加入这一条款
7.if any other clause in this contract is in conflict with the supplementary conditions the supplementary conditions should be taken as final and binding.
若合同中任一条款与附加条款冲突，则附属条款为最终裁决并对双方有约束力
8.we think it is necessary to include a force majeure clause in this contract.
我们认为合同中加入不可抗力条款很有必要
9. after studying your draft contract we found it necessary to make a few changes.
研究过贵司起草的合同，我们发现有必要做一些修改
10.since both of us are in agreement on all the terms shall we sign the contract now?
既然我们双方均同意所有条款，那我们现在就签合同?
11.we think your draw contract needs some modification.
我们认为贵司起草的合同需做一些修改。
12.any modification alteration to the contract shall be made with the consent of both parties.
合同的任何更改变更均应得到双方许可才行
13.no changes can be made on this contract without mutual consent.
不经双方同意，合同不能做任何更改
14.we must make it clear in the contract that you are obliged to complete the delivery of the good within the contractual time of
shipment.
我们必须确认你方必须在合同装运期内完成货物装运
15.if the shipment can not be made within three month as stipulated, the contract will become void.
如果不能在规定的三个月内出货，则合同视为无效
篇2：商务英语合同写作常用句型
商务英语合同写作常用句型
1. There are some good reasons for...
(分析原因)two possible人民生活状况的改善原因有两点，首先，我们一直在贯彻执行改革开放政策。其次，国民经济正在迅速发展，而且出生率已经得到控制。
There are two reasons for the improvement in people's living conditions.In the first place,we have been carrying out the reform and opening-up policy.Secondly,there has been a rapid expansion of our national economy .Further-more,the birth rate has been put under control.
2. My suggestions to deal with the problem are as follows.In the first place,... Secondly,...Finally...
（提出建议）我对解决这个问题的建议如下。首先，迫在眉睫的是建立自然保护区。其次，有些濒临灭绝的珍稀野生动物应该收捕、人工喂养并繁殖。最后，对于捕猎珍稀野生动物的人必须严惩。
My suggestions to deal with the problem are as follows .To begin with,it is urgent to create nature reserves. Secondly,certain rare wild animals that are going to be extinct should be collected,fed and reproduced artificially.Finally ,those who hunt them must be punished severely.
3. Different people have different opinions on this question.Some people believe that ... Others problem matter argue that... Still others assert that...
（论述不同看法）人们对失败持有不同的态度。面对失败，有人能够经得起考验，从失败中汲取教训，并努力去完成他们下定决心要做的事情。然而，另一些人却丧失信心并退却了。
People differ in their attitudes towards failure.Faced with it ,some of them can stand up to it .draw useful lessons from it and try hard to fulfill what they are determined to do.Others,however,lose heart and give in.
4. It is important (nessary, urgent, difficult, easy, expensive, desirable, abvisable, convenient, comfortable)for sb. to do sth.
（发表意见）人们希望建立更多的'医院、购物中心、娱乐中心、电影院和其他公用设施来满足人民日益增长的需求，
It is desirable to build more hospitals,shopping centres,recreation centres,cinemas and other public facilities to meet the growing needs of people.
5. As a popular saying goes “Everything has two sides.”
(分析利弊)常言道：“事物总是一分为二的”。如今人们从科技发明中得到越来越多的好处。另一方面，科技进步也给我们带来了许多麻烦。现在许多国家的人民饱尝公害之苦。
As a popular saying goes, “Everything has two sides.” Now people (the public)are benefiting more and more from scientific and technological inventions. On the other hand,the progress of science and technology is bringing us a lot of trouble. People in many countries are suffering from public hazards.
6. For example, ...
（举例阐述）For instance, ...Let“s take ...for examlpe.就拿汽车为例。汽车不仅污染城市空气，而且使城市拥挤不堪。此外，汽车造成许多交通事故。汽车所产生的噪音使居住在街道两旁的居民日夜不得安宁。
Let”s take cars for example.They not only pollute the air in cities,but make them crowed.Furthermore,they cause a lot of traffic accidents. (..., they are responsible for a lot of traffic accidents.) The noise made by cars disturbs the residents living on both sides of streets all day and night.
7. It is generally believed that ...accepted
（引证观点）人们普遍认为，在发达国家人口增长的主要原因与其说是出生率的上升，还不如说是由于医疗保健的改善的使死亡率下降了。
It is generally believed (=thought) that the chief reason for the increase in population in developed coutries is not so much the rise in birth rates as the decline in death rates as a result of the improvement in medical care.
篇3：英语合同写作常用句
英语合同写作常用句
凡是接触过商务合同签订的.人对下面这四个句子都不陌生。不过，越是熟悉的反而越容易出现错误，因为容易“想当然”。看看下面这四个句子，你有没有出过错呢？
1. 本合同用英文和中文两种文字写成，一式四份。双方执英文本和中文本各一式两份，两种文字具有同等效力。
The contract is made out in English and Chinese languages in quadruplicate, both texts being equally authentic, and each Party shall hold two copies of each text.
2. 本合同由双方代表于12月9日签订。合同签订后，由各方分别向本国政府当局申请批准，以最后一方的批准日期为本合同的生效日期，双方应力争在60天内获得批准，用电传通知对方，并用信件确认。若本合同自签字之日起，6个月仍不能生效，双方有权解除本合同。
This contract is signed by the authorized representatives of both parties on Dec. 9, . After signing the contract, both parties shall apply to their respective Government Authorities for ratification. The date of ratification last obtained shall be taken as the effective date of the Contract. Both parties shall exert their utmost efforts to obtain the ratification within 60 days and shall advise the other party by telex and thereafter send a registered letter for confirmation. ??
3. 本合同有效期从合同生效之日算起共，有效期满后，本合同自动失效。
The contract shall be valid for 10 years from the effective date of the contract, on the expiry of the validity term of contract, the contract shall automatically become null and void. ??
4. 本合同期限届满时，双方发生的未了债权和债务不受合同期满的影响，债务人应向债权人继续偿付未了债务。
The outstanding (未了的) claims and liabilities（债权和债务）existing between both parties on the expiry of the validity of the contract shall not be influenced by the expiration of this contract. The debtor shall be kept liable until the debtor fully pays up his debts to the creditor.
篇4：英语合同写作常用句
英语合同写作常用句
1. 本合同用英文和中文两种文字写成，一式四份。双方执英文本和中文本各一式两份，两种文字具有同等效力。
The contract is made out in English and Chinese languages in quadruplicate, both texts being equally authentic1, and each Party shall hold two copies of each text.
2. 本合同由双方代表于1912月9日签订。合同签订后，由各方分别向本国政府当局申请批准，以最后一方的批准日期为本合同的生效日期，双方应力争在60天内获得批准，用电传通知对方，并用信件确认。若本合同自签字之日起，6个月仍不能生效，双方有权解除本合同。
This contract is signed by the authorized2 representatives of both parties on Dec. 9, 1999. After signing the contract, both parties shall apply to their respective Government Authorities for ratification3. The date of ratification last obtained shall be taken as the effective date of the Contract. Both parties shall exert their utmost efforts to obtain the ratification within 60 days and shall advise the other party by telex4 and thereafter send a registered letter for confirmation5. ??
3. 本合同有效期从合同生效之日算起共10年，有效期满后，本合同自动失效。
The contract shall be valid6 for 10 years from the effective date of the contract, on the expiry of the validity term of contract, the contract shall automatically become null and void. ??
4. 本合同期限届满时，双方发生的未了债权和债务不受合同期满的影响，债务人应向债权人继续偿付未了债务。
The outstanding (未了的) claims and liabilities(债权和债务)existing between both parties on the expiry of the validity of the contract shall not be influenced by the expiration7 of this contract. The debtor8 shall be kept liable until the debtor fully9 pays up his debts to the creditor10.
扩展：房地产英语：咨询买楼
A——Agent物业代理C——Client客户
A: Miss, may I help you?小姐，我可以帮你吗?
C: Yes, I just wondered why the price between the ninth and tenth floor is so different?是的，我很奇怪为什么九楼与十楼的售价有这么大的差别呢?
A: It's because of the view.这是因为观景不同。
C: Oh! I see. Can you show me the location of BlockⅠ?噢!我明白了，你能否告诉我第一座的位置呢?
A: Sure. Please take a look at the model of the building. Nice Garden has a total of two blocks which are labeled Block Ⅰ and Block Ⅱ. Block Ⅰ has a total of thirty-eighth levels. The thirty-seventh and thirty-eighth are penthouses. There are four units in one level. The sizes of the units are one thousand square feet and one thousand and five hundred square feet. The size with one thousand square feet has three bedrooms and the biggest size has four bedrooms.当然可以，请过来看大厦模型。丽斯花园共有两幢，分别是第一座、第二座。第一座共三十八层高，而三十七楼和三十八楼是复式房屋。每层有四套房子。面积有一千平方英尺和一千五百平方英尺两种。一千平方英尺的有三个卧室，面积最大的房子有四个卧室。
C: How many elevators are there?一共有多少部电梯?
A: There are three elevators between one hundred and forty eight units.一百四十八套房子共用三部电梯。
C: How about the car-park space?停车位呢?
A: There are a total of one hundred and sixty parking lots on the second and third floor, in which twelve are for visitors and the rest are for residents2.停车场在第二层和第三层，总共一百六十个车位，其中十二个是临时车位，其余的是供住户使用的。
C: Any other facilities?还有其他设施吗?
A: Sure, on the fourth floor is a recreation quarter. There are two swimming pools. One is Olympic standard size and the other one is for children. Also, there is a gymnasium3 for resident1 members only.有的，第四层是康体中心。里面有两个游泳池，其中一个是奥林匹克标准泳池，另一个是供儿童使用的。除此之外还有专门为住户而设的健身房。
C: When is the completion date?请问工程何时完成?
A: The completion date will be on July 1st .预计竣工日期为7月1号。
C: How about the price and the bank mortgage4?售价和银行按揭如何?
A: Please check up the price list. The average unit price is five million Hong Kong dollars. There are eight different banks that will provide a seventy percent mortgage loan5. Also, the developer will offer another ten percent mortgage to purchasers.你可以看看价目表。平均售价约港币五百万元，有八家银行提供七成按揭贷款。开发商可提供一成的按揭给认购者。
C: How many payment6 methods are there?有多少支付种类?
A: It's all written on the brochure price list. I believe there will be one right for you. Please hurry up because almost half of units have already gone.售价表里已经详细列明，我相信其中一定有适合你的。现在认购已经超过五成，你要快点做出决定了。
C: Thank you. I think I have to talk to the bank representatives. Thank you for your help.谢谢。我想我必须向银行代表咨询一下。谢谢你的帮忙。
A: You're welcome.别客气。
篇5：BEC商务英语初级写作黄金句
BEC商务英语初级写作必备黄金句(2)
11.There is no denying the fact that air pollution is an extremely serious problem :the city authorities should take strong measures to deal with it.
无可否认，空气污染是一个极其严重的问题：城市当局应该采取有力措施来解决它。
12.An investigation shows that female workers tend to have a favorable attitude toward retirement.
一项调查显示妇女欢迎退休。
13.A proper part-time job does not occupy student's too much time .In fact ,it is unhealthy for them to spend all of time on their study .As an old saying goes :All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy
一份适当的业余工作并不会占用学生太多的时间，事实上，把全部的时间都用到学习上并不健康，正如那句老话:只工作，不玩耍，聪明的孩子会变傻。
14.Any government which is blind to this point may pay a heavy price.
任何政府忽视这一点都将付出巨大的'代价。
15.An increasing number of people are beginning to realize that education is not complete with graduation.
越来越多的人开始意识到教育不能随着毕业p;
16.When it comes to education ,the majority of people believe that education is a lifetime study.
说到教育，大部分人认为其是一个终生的学习。
17.The majority of students believe that part-time job will provide them with more opportunities to develop their interpersonal skills ,which may put them in a favorable position in the future job markets.
大部分学生相信业余工作会使他们有更多机会发展人际交往能力，而这对他们未来找工作是非常有好处的。
18.It is indisputable that there are millions of people who still have a miserable life and have to fact the dangers of starvation and exposure.
无可争辩，现在有成千上万的人仍过着挨饿受冬的痛苦生活。
19.Although this view is widely held ,this is little evidence that education can be obtained at any age and at any place.
尽管这一观点被广泛接受，很少有证据表明教育能够在任何地点任何年龄进行。
20.No one can deny the fact that a person’s education is the most important aspect of his life.
没有人能否人这一事实:教育是人生最重要的一方面。
篇6：BEC商务英语初级写作黄金句
BEC商务英语初级写作必备黄金句(3)
21.People equate success in life with the ability of operating computer .
人们把会使用计算机与人生成功相提并论。
22. In the last decades, advances in medical technology have made it possible for people to live longer than in the past.
在过去的几十年，先进的医疗技术已经使得人们比过去活的时间更长成为可能。
23. In fact, we have to admit the fact that the quality of life is as important as life itself.
事实上，我们必须承认生命的质量和生命本身一样重要。
24. We should spare no effort to beautify our environment.
我们应该不遗余力地美化我们的环境。
25. People believe that computer skills will enhance their job opportunities or promotion opportunities.
人们相信拥有计算机技术可以获得更多工作或提升的`机会。ve collected over last few years leads me to believe that this knowledge may be less useful than most people think.
从这几年我搜集的信息来看，这些知识并没有人们想象的那么有用。
27. Now, it is generally accepted that no college or university can educate its students by the time they graduation.
现在，人们普遍认为没有一所大学能够在毕业时候教给学生所有的知识。
28. This is a matter of life and death--a matter no country can afford to ignore.
这是一个关系到生死的问题，任何国家都不能忽视。
29. For my part, I agree with the latter opinion for the following reasons:
我同意后者，有如下理由：
30. Before giving my opinion, I think it is important to look at the arguments on both sides.
在给出我的观点之前，我想看看双方的观点是重要的。
篇7：商务英语合同写作六个注意方面
商务英语合同是商务应用文中较为特殊且重要的文本写作类型，那么在商务英语合同写作中有什么方面是要注意的呢?来看看下面这六个商务英语合同应该注意的方面吧。
第一部分、用词方面
多用正式或法律上的用词，与口头表述不同，合同是法律性的正式书面文件，使用正式的、法律的用词是必要的。合同起草者应多加强这方面的学习。比如：
1、at the request of party b, party a agrees to send technicians to assist party b to install the equipment.
应乙方要求，甲方同意派遣技术人员帮助乙方安装设备。assist 较 help 正式;
2、the personnel shall not to partake in any political activities in iraq.
所有人员不得参加伊拉克国内的任何政治活动。partake in 较 take part in 正式;
3、the employer shall render correct technical guidance to the personnel.
雇主应该对有关人员给予正确技术指导。render 较 give 正式;
4、party a shall repatriate the patient to china and bear the cost of his passage to guangzhou.
甲方应将病人遣返中国并负责其返回广州的旅费。repatriate 较 send back 正式;
5、this contract shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of china.
本合同受中国法律管辖，并按中国法律解释。construe 较 explain，interpret 正式;
6、the employer may object to and require the contractor to replace forthwith any of its authorized representatives who is incompetent.
雇主认为承包人委派的授权代表不合格时，可以反对并要求立即撤换。require较ask正式;公文体forthwith 较 at once 正式;
7、the chairperson may convene an interim meeting based on a proposal made by one-third of the total number of directors.
董事长可以根据董事会过1/3董事的提议而召集临时董事会议。convene，interim 都是正式用词。
8、in case one party desires to sell or assign all or part of its investment subscribed, the other party shall have the preemptive right.
如一方想出售或转让其投资之全部或部分，另一方有优先购买权。法律用词assign 较 transfer 正式。
9、in processing transactions, the manufacturers shall never have title either to the materials or the finished products.
加工贸易中，厂方无论是对原料还是成品都无所有权。 法律用词title 较 ownership 正式。
10、the term “effective date” means the date on which this agreement is duly executed by the parties hereto.
“生效期”指双方合同签字的日子。 法律用词execute 较 sign 正式。
第二部分、用词方面
多使用“here”，“there”，“where”等前缀，下面这么多是不是有点头昏眼花?初学时确实容易搞混，告诉你个小窍门，here 代表 this，there 代表 that，where 代表 what/which，就容易记多了。
hereafter = after this time; 今后
hereby = by means/reason of this; 特此
herein = in this; 此中，于此
hereinafter = later in this contract; 在下文
thereafter = afterwards; 此后，后来
thereby = by that means; 因此;由此;在那方面
therein = from that; 在那里;在那点上
thereinafter = later in the same contract; 以下;在下文
whereby = by what; by which; 由是;凭那个
wherein = in what; in which; 在哪里;在哪点上
……
第三部分、用词方面
多用“shall”代替“will”或“should”加强语气和强制力。合同中，shall并非单纯表示将来时，而常用来表示法律上可强制执行的义务，具有约束力，宜译为“应”、“应该”、“必须”; will无论语气还是强制力要比shall弱，宜译为“将”、“原”、“要”;should通常只用来表示语气较强的假设、比如“万一”。
1、this contract shall become effective upon and from the date on which it is signed.
本合同签字生效。
2、this contract shall be written in english in four copies. each party shall keep two copies.
本合同应以英文写成，一式四份，双方各持两份。
篇8：商务英语合同写作六个注意方面
第四部分、用语方面
一、力求严谨，明白无误：
1、the following documents shall be deemed to form and be read and construed as an integral part of this contract.
下列文件应被认为、读作、解释为本合同的组成部分;
2、this contract can only be altered, amended or supplemented in accordance with documents signed and sealed by authorized representatives of both parties.
本合同只能按照双方授权代表签名盖章的文件进行修改或增补;
3、all activities of abc co. shall be governed by the laws, decrees and pertinent rules and regulations of china.
abc公司的一切活动必须受中国的法律、法令和有关规章条例的管辖。
二、多用主动语态，少用被动语态：
1、party b is hereby appointed by party a as its exclusive sales agent in singapore. (不宜)
乙方被甲方委托为在新加坡的独家销售代理商;
2、party a hereby appoints party b as its exclusive sales agent in singapore. (适宜)
甲方委托乙方为在新加坡的独家销售代理商;
三、多用现在时，少用将来时，尽管很多条款规定的是合同签订以后的事项：
1、licensee may terminate this contract 90 days after a written notice thereof is sent to licensor upon the happening of one
of the following events：
当有下列事件之一发生，被许可人提前90天向许可人发送书面通知后，可以终止合同：
2、licensor becomes insolvent or a liquidator of licensor is appointed;
许可人无力偿付债务或其破产清算人以被指定;
3、the patent described in article 2 is not issued within 30 days from signing this contract; and
第二条规定的专利未在签约后30天之内发布;
4、licensor fails to perform its obligations under this contract.
许可人未能履行其合同义务。
四、直接表达方式用得多，间接表达方式用的较少：
1、this article does not apply to bondholders who have not been paid in full. (用得少)
本条款不适用于尚未全部偿付的债券持有者。
2、this article applies only to bondholders who have been paid in full. (用得多)
本条款只适用于已全部偿付的债券持有者。
五、尽量使用一个动词，避免使用“动词+名词+介词”的同意短语：
1、party a shall make an appointment of its representative within 30 days after signing the contract.
甲方应于签约后30天内指派其授权代表。宜用appoint代替 make an appointment of.
2、party a will give consideration to party b’s proposal of exclusive agency.
甲方愿意考虑乙方独家代理的建议。宜用consider代替give consideration to.
第五部分、下列特殊用语使用频繁
一、whereas 鉴于
正式而重要的合同，尤其是英美法系的合同，多用它在前文中引出签约背景和目的，起连词作用：
whereas the employer is desirous that manpower can be rendered available for the construction of high-rise residential complex in baghdad, iraq;
鉴于雇主欲请劳动力建造伊拉克巴格达的高层住宅综合大楼;
whereas the contractor is desirous to provide the manpower for the works;
鉴于承包人想为此工程提供劳动力;
二、witness 证明
在合同前文中常用作首句的谓语动词：
this agreement， made by ……
witnesses
whereas……, it is agreed as follows：
本协议由……签订证明：鉴于……特此达成协议如下：
in witness whereof 作为所协议事项的证据，该短语常用于合同的结尾条款：
in witness whereof, the parties have executed this contract in duplicate by their duly authorized representatives on the date first above written.
作为所协议事项的证据，双方授权代表于上面首次写明的日期正式签订本协议一式两份。
三、in consideration of 以……为约因/报酬
约因是英美法系的合同有效成立要件之一，没有则合同不能依法强制履行。但是，大陆法系的合同则无此规定。
now therefore, in consideration of the premises and the covenants herein， contained, the parties hereto agree as follows：
兹以上述各点和契约所载条款为约因，订约双方协议如下：
in consideration of the payment to be made by party a to party b, party b hereby covenants with party a to complete the building in conformity with the provisions of the contract.
乙方特此立约向甲方保证按合同规定完成工程建设，以取得甲方所付的报酬。
四、now，therefore 兹特
此短语用于whereas条款之后引出具体协议事项的常用开头语，并与其后hereby的结合。如果无hereas条款，则本短语可省略：
now, therefore, it’s hereby agreed and understood as follows;
兹特协议和谅解如下：
now these presents witness 兹特立约为据，本句话也是用于whereas条款之后引出具体协议事项。
五、presents = the present writings 是主语，witness是谓语：
now these presents witness that it is hereby agreed between the parties hereto as follows：兹特立约为据，并由订约双方协议如下：
六、in the presence of 见证人
本短语只在有见证人时使用―在订约双方当事人签名的下方由见证人签名作证，一般是相关的律师(attorney)或公证处(notary public)：
in the presence of the parties hereto have hereunder set their respective hands and seals：
作为协议事项的证据，订约双方各自签名盖章如下：
第六部分、其他短语
for and on behalf the first party(甲方代表)：
the employer (雇主)…
capacity (职位) …
in the presence of (见证人) …
capacity (职位)…
address (地址)…
for and on behalf of the second party(乙方代表)：
the contractor (承包人) …
capacity (职位)…
in the presence of (见证人) …
capacity (职位)…
address (地址)…
篇9：托福写作解析:比较对比句怎么写
写作中最主要的三种句型：因果论证句、比较对比句和假设条件句。下面就来看一下比较对比句具体该怎么写!
托福写作解析:比较对比句怎么写
Movies: serious or entertaining?
Therefore, the merits(advantage) encompassed within serious movies far outweigh those of entertaining movies.
Adervertising is the main cause of unhealthy eating habits.
In reality, compared with other sources of negative influences, advertising only plays a small role. the eating habits are formed on the basis of many complicated factors.Therefore, it is rash to consider it a major cause of those unhealthy eating habits.
Compared with A, B...中的A和B是两个同类的事物
托福写作句型赏析：一句话三种逻辑
名句欣赏：
There has been an implicit assumption that because electric cars do not burn fossil fuels, they are clearer for the environment and safer for people, but that does not take into account how the electricity they use is generated.
解析：
这句话比较长，但逻辑主干还是比较简单：
There has been an assumption that A, but that does not take into account B.
有一个假设A，但这并没有考虑到B
A 是 assumption 的具体内容， B 是考虑的内容，即 = take B into account
A=because electric cars do not burn fossil fuels, they are clearer for the environment and safer for people
1) A 是 assumption 的同位语
2)electric cars 电动汽车
3)burn fossil fuels 燃烧化石燃料
4)safe 在这里的意思是[not likely to lead to any physical harm or danger ] 不损害健康的
整个A的意思是： 因为电动汽车不燃烧化石燃料，因此它们对环境更清洁，对人们更无害。
B= how the electricity they use is generated.
1) they use 是后置定语，修饰 [ the electricity]
2) generate electricity 发电
3) B= 它们使用的电是如何生产的
这句话有三种逻辑，[因果逻辑][比较逻辑][转折逻辑]，值得好好模仿
整句话的意思是：有一个隐含的假设：因为电动车不燃烧化石燃料，所以他们对环境更清洁，对人们更无害，但是这并没有考虑它们使用的电是如何生产出来的。
托福写作范文：老师针对青少年学生的不同教法
托福独立写作真题：
Some believe that teachers (for students from age 14-18) should focus on lecturing and asking students to take notes during lectures. Others believe that teachers should get students involved in discussion and encourage them to exchange ideas in class. Which way of teaching do you think is more effective for students’ learning?
托福写作模板及参考答案：
Educators and researchers have never stopped the examination of the importance and relevance of collaborative and interactive learning that are encouraged by middle schools. When compared with boring lecturing, I, personally, believe that it is far more beneficial to students when they share their ideas and exchange opinions with each other for the following reasons.
First off, exchanging ideas with fellow classmates help students develop critical thinking, presentation skills and other kinds of soft skillsets. When discussing issues with peers, students tend to take a position on a certain issue. In this learning process, students will collect their thoughts and synthesize the concepts learned in textbook or in the lecture to support his or her points. Also, to respond to others’ comments, students have to reflect on the rationale of their own arguments and come up with persuasive reasoning. It is obvious that such activities helps students to learning more meaningfully and extensively. Furthermore, students unconsciously learn how to express themselves affirmatively and make their points clear in front of a large audience. It takes right amount of eye contacts, body language and facial expression to convey one’s idea in a convincing way and such presentation skills can be valuable asset for one’s future career.
Additionally, actively discussing issues with peers can help students to cope with different opinions. When discussing issues with peers, not only do student contribute to the class, but also they get a chance to be exposed to different ideas and perspectives. This is a very conducive experience since we are not living in a vacuum and learning how to appreciate, value and even embrace opinions that are unfamiliar to us can be very important. Furthermore, such experience can be useful in one’s future career when one also has to confront with different business solutions provided by their coworkers. A recent study conducted by Harvard Business Review shows that the one who experienced group discussions and exchanging of views in school demonstrates a higher potential to resolve possible conflicts with future coworkers and enjoys far more promising future.
In conclusion, discussion and idea exchanges should be encouraged since such activities can help students to develop critical thinking, presentation skills and other kinds of soft skillsets, also they will get students prepared on how deal with different opinions now and in future career.
托福写作范文：拥有多项技能的人更成功
托福独立写作题目：
People who develop different skills are more successful than people who develop one skill only.
托福写作模板及参考答案：
When it comes to the qualities of successful people, people varying in education background and experience tend to give distinctive answers. Some would argue that those who are successful should be versatile and excel in lots of skills like communication skills, leadership skills and even organizational skills while others believe that one who is exceptional in one area is more likely to be successful. I personally believe that a versatile person with various skill sets can be more successful.
Admittedly, as the saying goes Jack of all trades and master of none and there are rare cases where some people who are expert in only one field stand out. However, it is more common for versatile people with multiple skills to be successful because of the following reasons.
First off, people who are talented and versatile are more competitive and competent in their career, and they enjoy a better change to be promoted in a professional setting. Actually, a lot of positions require a combination of skill sets, such as paying attention to details, knowledge in a specific field and communication skills, etc. Indeed, more skills will give someone more chance to get promoted. For instance, if a computer programmer just knows how to write program and focuses only on the technical side of the job, chances are that he would never get promoted. On the other hand, if not only does the computer programmer have programming skills but also he is a genius people-wise, he might get a better shot to be promoted as a manager in charge of a team of computer programmers. Thus, he can enjoy more opportunities in his career.
Additionally, it is much easier for a versatile person with various skill sets to build rapport with people and make friends. It is self-evident that people with all kinds of skills will be very attractive and charismatic. A person who not only has professional knowledge in one specific field but also has people skills and leadership skills will be very popular and standing out among his or her peers. For instance, my friend Alex, a bright young professional working in the financial industrial. He was awarded the most valuable banker in his company because of his professionalism and dedication to serving the customers and clients. Not only is he successful in his professional life, but also he is an amateur violinist. Actually, he plays for a city choir to represent the community and go against other cities' choir. Such skills can be very useful when building up connections with people and thus he can expand his social network easily. Furthermore, he can use these skills to entertain his clients and customers on certain occasions and have their trust on him.
In conclusion, a versatile person with various skill sets can be more competitive and outstrip others in the workplace, eventually they enjoy better chance to be promoted. Another advantage of having multiples skills is that it can be much easier and readily for them to network and expand their social connections.
篇10：关于商务英语写作的过程与基本要求解析
准备——深思熟虑
准备工作可以采用多种形式。具体讲，一般需要对以下几方面有明确的认识：
1. 作者的角色
一般来说，首先要判定交际双方的等级关系和亲疏关系，然后即可确定交际走向是否应为上行文、下行文或平行文。划分出这个界限，才能做到语言准确得体。
2. 读者的角色
读者信息包括：
-身份(决定语气)
-专业水平(决定用词)
-人数
-主次
3. 预期的目的
效率是第一位的，因此最好开门见山，切中主题;文字应简洁明了。
起稿——条理分明
在写的过程中，我们需要完成如下几项任务：
1. 确定篇幅
一般分为开头、主体、结尾三部分。
读者视角：迅速捕捉头尾信息。
2. 组织布局
商务文章注重逻辑性，结构严谨，环环相扣。
由近至远，由浅至深，由轻至重。
3. 区分类别
在给自己的文章定位时，以下几点值得我们注意。
ⅰ 记叙与非记叙
ⅱ 互动性与单向性
ⅲ 抽象信息与具体信息
ⅳ 客观描述与主观判断
定稿——精雕细琢
定稿的标准尺度：
布局合理，层次分明
信息合理，内容完整
语气恰当，适合读者
语句连贯，一气呵成
句型丰富，短句为主
措辞到位，表达准确
商务写作的基本要求：
在写作过程中都必须遵循的六大原则，即准确(Correctness)、清楚(Clarity)、简明(Conciseness)、具体(Concreteness)、完整(Completeness)、和礼貌(Courtesy)，也叫做商务写作的6C原则。
第一条原则：准确(correctness)
从广义上讲，商务英语写作的准确性原则包括四层意义：
阅读人能理解、接受的英语水平
使用精确措词，传达准确信息
正确地使用语法和标点符号
拼写正确
(1)恰当的语言风格
我们在撰写正式的商务英语写作时，应尽量使用正规的语言;而当起草非正式的商务便条、商务便函及商务书信时，可使用较通俗的口语。请比较下面两组例词：
Formal
Informal
approximately
inquire
ascertain
obtain
assist
participate
construct
purchase
contribute
sufficient
difficult
utilize
About
Ask
find out
receive
help
share
build
buy
give
enough
hard
use
(2)准确的措词和信息
商务写作离不开商务术语，一般常用的商业术语用字简洁。商务英语写作应该特别注意措词和信息的正确性。
(3)正确的语法和标点符号
常见的标点符号错误主要出现在逗号、冒号、省字号等。
常见的语法错误一般出现在以下几个方面：
①主谓之间的一致关系
②代词与先行词之间的一致关系
③悬垂句
④修饰语与被修饰语之间的一致关系
⑤状语的位置
(4)正确的拼写
第二条原则：清楚(Clarity)
写作中要合理安排要点，运用正确的句型句法，突出重点，层次分明。
(1)逻辑布局(Logical Organization)
常用的逻辑布局方法包括：
①因果关系(Cause & Effect)
②时间顺序(Chronological Development)
③序列顺序(Sequential Development)
④比较(Comparison)
⑤一般到特殊(From General to Specific)
⑥特殊到一般(From Specific to General)
(2)合理构架句群与段落(Well-Written Sentences & Paragraphs)
在商务英语写作中，应该合理安排句子和段落的结构与长度，把各种长句、短句、简句、复杂句等最佳组合成长度恰当的段落。请看例句：
Marshall Corporation was founded forty years ago, and it now has branch offices in four states, and it employs nearly 400 individuals. ( poor )
Marshall Corporation was founded forty years ago. With branch offices in four states, it now employs nearly 400 individuals. ( revised )
(3)统一性与一致性(Unity and Coherence)
一篇商务写作的每一个段落都要围绕一个论点从不同方面进行论证，而在每一个段落中又都有一个主题句(topic sentence)，一般安排在段首或段尾，而其它的句子则围绕着它进行论证，全文就这样一步进一步，一环扣一环地统一在主题思想上。而且，句子与句子之间，段落与段落之间都要前后呼应，首尾连贯。
(4)强调(Emphasis)
在商务英语写作中，有时需要强调某些单词、词组、句子，突出它们的作用，可以采用一些技巧手段，如下加横线，大写，或不同的字体、颜色等。
(5)避免采用模糊的语句(ambiguous sentence)
注意将句中关系紧密的词尽量靠近
第三条原则：简洁(Conciseness)
简洁是现代商务英语写作的发展趋势，是在保证内容完整无损的前提下用尽可能少的词句来阐明主题。商务英语写作要求既筒短扼要，又不失完整与清楚明白，还要包括必要的礼貌。
(1)用简洁的语言(Use simple language)
尽量使用 避免使用
please will you be good enough to
prefer express a preference for
because for the reason that
ask request
buy purchase
need request
do accomplish
letter communication
(2)少用陈词滥调(Omit trite expressions)
下表列出的是一些常见的陈词滥调：
in the near future
it has come to my attention
at your earliest possible convenience
avail yourself of this opportunity
don' t hesitate
take the liberty to
due to the fact that
thanking you in advance
enclosed herein
with kindest regards
(3)避免冗长的表达方式和不必要的重复(avoid wordy expressions & unnecessary repetition)
请看下表中的两组例子，比较一下修改前与修改后的差别。
Wordy
Concise
We would like to
A long period of time
I expected it to be
During the year of 1995
For the development of
Square in shape
During the time that
please
a long time
expected
during 1995
for developing
square
while
(4)删改无关紧要的成份(Remove unneeded facts)
如果句中的某些成份被删除后不影响句子的原意，那么就应该毫不犹豫地把它们删改掉。如下面句子中的划线部分被删去后并不影响句子的原义：
It should be noted that this is the best we can do。
(5)多使用主动语态的句子结构以明确表达意思
请比较下面两个句子:
Payment of their accounts will be made by Johnsons next week.
Johnsons will pay their accounts next week.
第四条原则：具体(Concreteness)
商务英语写作要求内容书写得具体和明确，因此，尽量使用确定、具体的语言，直接了当地传递信息，说明问题，切忌笼统模糊。
(1)尽可能地提供明确、具体的信息。
(2)使用具体词汇 避免使用抽象的词汇，因为抽象的词汇往往令人感觉模糊笼统。
第五条原则：完整(Completeness)
商务英语写作的内容务必完整周密，任何要点的遗漏都可能导致重大损失。
第六条原则：礼貌(Courtesy)
商务英语写作中的礼貌原则，并不是指采用一些客套的句式，而是指一种贯彻于全文的尊重、理解和体谅对方的态度
以下是几条有助于礼貌的写作方法：
使用礼貌友好的词汇
体谅对方的写作态度(You-Attitude)
措辞得体(Appropriate Wording)
避免使用有性别歧视之嫌的词语
及时答复(Timely Response)
篇11：商务英语合同写作应注意的七个方面
商务英语合同写作应注意事项
第一部分、用词方面
多用正式或法律上的用词，与口头表述不同，合同是法律性的正式书面文件，使用正式的、法律的用词是必要的。合同起草者应多加强这方面的学习。比如：
1、At the request of Party B, Party A agrees to send technicians to assist Party B to install the equipment.
应乙方要求，甲方同意派遣技术人员帮助乙方安装设备。 assist 较 help 正式;
2、The personnel shall not to partake in any political activities in Iraq.
所有人员不得参加伊拉克国内的任何政治活动。partake in 较 take part in 正式;
3、The Employer shall render correct technical guidance to the personnel.
雇主应该对有关人员给予正确技术指导。 render 较 give 正式;
4、Party A shall repatriate the patient to China and bear the cost of his passage to Guangzhou.
甲方应将病人遣返中国并负责其返回广州的旅费。 repatriate 较 send back 正式;
5、This Contract shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of China.
本合同受中国法律管辖，并按中国法律解释。construe 较 explain, interpret 正式;
6、The Employer may object to and require the Contractor to replace forthwith any of its authorized representatives who is incompetent.
雇主认为承包人委派的授权代表不合格时，可以反对并要求立即撤换。require较ask正式;公文体forthwith 较 at once 正式;
7、The Chairperson may convene an interim meeting based on a proposal made by one-third of the total number of directors.
董事长可以根据董事会过1/3董事的提议而召集临时董事会议。convene, interim 都是正式用词。
8、In case one party desires to sell or assign all or part of its investment subscribed, the other party shall have the preemptive right.
如一方想出售或转让其投资之全部或部分，另一方有优先购买权。法律用词assign 较 transfer 正式.
9、In processing transactions, the manufacturers shall never have title either to the materials or the finished products.
加工贸易中，厂方无论是对原料还是成品都无所有权。 法律用词title 较 ownership 正式.
10、The term “Effective date” means the date on which this Agreement is duly executed by the parties hereto.
“生效期”指双方合同签字的日子。 法律用词execute 较 sign 正式.
第二部分、用词方面
多使用“here”，“there”，“where”等前缀，下面这么多是不是有点头昏眼花?初学时确实容易搞混，告诉你个小窍门，here 代表 this，there 代表 that，where 代表 what/which，就容易记多了。
hereafter = after this time; 今后
hereby = by means/reason of this; 特此
herein = in this; 此中，于此
hereinafter = later in this contract; 在下文
thereafter = afterwards; 此后，后来
thereby = by that means; 因此;由此;在那方面
therein = from that; 在那里;在那点上
thereinafter = later in the same contract; 以下;在下文
whereby = by what; by which; 由是;凭那个
wherein = in what; in which; 在哪里;在哪点上
篇12：BEC中级写作模拟题：国际货物运输合同
BEC中级写作模拟题：国际货物运输合同
Contract of International Transportation of Goods国际货物运输合同
写作案例详解
Contract of International Transportation of Goods
THE FOLLOWING SHIPMENT HAS BEEN AGREED THIS DAY 20TH SEPTEMBER 2007 BETWEEN THE UNDERSIGNED PARTIES
DAIYONG AS CHARTERERS
AND
FENSHUN AS OWNERS
PERFORMING VESSEL:MV.JINGHAI OR SUB
CGO:
340MT STL PLATE 5%MOLCO (length:11.46max )
1SBP XINGANG,CHINA.
1SBP HAMBURG,GERMANY
LAYCAN:15TH -30TH OCTOBER,2007
FREIGHT:USD60.00PMT FIOS BASIS 1/1，2.5%ADD.COMM
LOADING/DISCHARGING RATE:C.Q.D.AT BOTH ENDS.
DETENTION CHARGE AT THE RATE OF US$2000.00 PER DAY OR PRO RATA FOR ALL TIME LOST AT BOTH ENDS.
FRT PAYMENT:FULL FREIGHT TO BE PAYABLE INTO OWNERS’ NOMINATED BANK ACCOUNT WITHIN FIVE (5) BANKING DAYS AFTER COMPLETION OF LOADING BUT PRIOR TO S/R BILLS OF LADING MARKED“FREIGHT PREPAID”.SAME TO BE RELEASED ONLY AFTER FULL FREIGHT PAID TO OWNERS NOMINATED BANK ACCOUNT EVIDENCED BY VALID BANK SLIP
ANY TAXES / DUES ON VESSEL / FREIGHT TO BE FOR OWNERS ACCOUNT,BUT IT ON CARGO TO BE FOR CHARTERERS ACCOUNT.
ARBITRATION IF ANY TO BE ADJUSTED IN BEIJING AND ENGLISH
LAW TO BE APPLIED.
OTHER TERMS AND CONDITIONS NOT MENTIONED HEREIN SHALL BE AS
PER GENCON CHARTER PARTY REVISED IN 1994.
For and on behalf of Charters: For and on behalf of owners:
BEC剑桥商务英语考试报名支付方式
网上支付考费：剑桥商务英语证书考试费的支付方式仅限于网上支付。考生可任选报名网站所连接的网上银行
支付系统交纳考费。
BEC剑桥商务英语考试报名身份证规定
身份证件规定：剑桥商务英语证书考试报名和考试入场对身份证件的要求规定如下：
中国大陆考生参加考试必须携带的唯一身份证件是有效的“中华人民共和国居民身份证”原件。根据《中华人民共和国身份证法》，任何中国公民无论是何年龄，均可向户籍所在派出所申领身份证。特别提醒未申领身份证的青少年考生提前办理，以免影响考试。
香港、澳门地区考生必须使用有效香港、澳门身份证原件;台湾地区考生必须使用有效台湾居民往来大陆通行证原件。
外国籍考生必须使用有效护照。
考生报名时须如实、准确提交身份证信息，包括：证件类型、证件号码、中文姓名、拼音姓名、性别和出生日期，确认提交后，不得更改，并将打印在准考证上;考生在考试日须携带与准考证信息一致的有效身份证件原件。
BEC剑桥商务英语考试重要时限
网上报名过程中重要时限
网上支付时限：考生须在选择考点、考试级别、考试时间填写个人报名信息及背景问卷(下称：预订考位)后24小时之内完成网上付费，如考生只预订了考位，未完成考试费支付，并不意味着考生已报名成功，在24小时之后系统将自动取消尚未支付考试费考生已预定的座位;考生在未支付考试费的情况下，在24小时之内也可随时自行取消已预定的座位。
准考证打印时限：考生须在笔试考试日前5天之内，登录报名网站的个人账户下载和打印准考证。
